What is the flow rate of a standard toilet in Quebec?

Since 1995, all toilets installed in Quebec must comply with a maximum flow limit of 1.6 GPF (gallons per flush), or 6 litres per flush. This standard is written in the Quebec Plumbing Code.

Evolution of standards:

• Before 1980: 5 to 7 gallons per flush (18-26 L)
• 1980-1995: 3.5 GPF (13 L)
• 1995-present: 1.6 GPF max (6 L)
• High-efficiency toilets (HET): 1.28 GPF (4.8 L) — eligible for Hydro-Québec subsidies

Types of toilets:

• Gravity: Most common, reliable, price $150 to $500
• Pressure-assisted: More powerful, ideal for commercial use, louder, price $300 to $800
• Dual flush: 0.8 GPF (liquid) / 1.6 GPF (solid), water savings 30-40%, price $250 to $600

Wall distance: The toilet flange must be 305 mm (12 in) from the finished wall standard, measured from wall to bolt centre. Common alternative distances: 254 mm (10 in) and 356 mm (14 in).