How to wire a spa or hot tub electrically?

The electrical installation of a spa (outdoor hot tub) is governed by section 70 of the Code:

Connection:

• Voltage: 240 V single-phase, sometimes 120/240 V for spas with a transformer
• Breaker: 40 A to 60 A depending on spa power (typically 50 A). GFCI protection required
• Conductor: #8 AWG or #6 AWG copper, buried TECK90 cable
• Disconnect: 60 A visible and accessible, at least 1.5 meters from the spa

Distance and location:

• GFCI breaker at least 3 meters from the spa (to prevent shock from water contact)
• No GFCI receptacle within 1 meter of the spa
• Lighting above the spa: sealed luminaire, minimum 2.5 meters height

Grounding: Equipotential bonding of all metal parts (jet motors, pump, spa heater) with #8 AWG bare copper conductor.